Abstract:Composite biomaterial scaffolds consisting of natural polymers and bioceramics may offer an alternative to autologous grafts for applications such as bone repair. Herein, we sought to investigate the possibility of incorporating marine coral microparticles into a collagen-based scaffold, a process which we hypothesised would enhance the mechanical properties of the scaffold as well its capacity to promote osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Cryomilling and sieving were utilised to achieve coral microparticles of mean diameters 14 µm and 64 µm which were separately incorporated into collagen-based slurries and freeze-dried to form porous scaffolds. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy determined the coral microparticles to be comprised of calcium carbonate whereas collagen/coral composite scaffolds were shown to have a crystalline calcium ethanoate structure. Crosslinked collagen/coral scaffolds demonstrated enhanced compressive properties when compared to collagen only scaffolds and also promoted more robust osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells, as indicated by increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 at the gene level, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium accumulation at the protein level. Only subtle differences were observed when comparing the effect of coral microparticles of different sizes, with improved osteogenesis occurring as a result of calcium ion signalling delivered from collagen/coral composite scaffolds. These scaffolds, fabricated from entirely natural sources, therefore show promise as novel biomaterials for tissue engineering applications such as bone regeneration.Keywords: bone; tissue engineering; mechanical properties; calcium; bone morphogenetic protein; alkaline phosphatase; calcium sensing receptor
As reference database, you can apply the included free-of-charge COD database, use any ICDD PDF product, and/or create a user database based on your own diffraction patterns. The user database patterns can be edited manually, imported from peak files, calculated from crystal structure data (e.g. CIF files), or imported from your colleague's user database. A list of Match!'s most prominent features can be found here.
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June 29, 2005 Freeware: A new version of KPLOT - a multi-purpose tool for crystal structure drawings and analysis - is available free-of-charge for download. The main new feature is the possibility to compare two crystal structures. More...
Sep 21, 2005 Version 3.1 is available free-of-charge to users of Diamond 3.0. The main new feature is the importing and processing of multiple structures and pictures. More...
Jul 2, 2002 New ENDEAVOUR version: ENDEAVOUR 1.2 is available! One of the major topics in this new version is the possibility to display diffraction patterns not only as peaks but also as profile (based on user-defined parameters). Download your free-of-charge evaluation version from our Demo page. Registered customers should download and install the corresponding update.
Jan 31, 2007 A maintenance release 1.7a of Match! has become available in which several bugs have been fixed. More... Jan 25, 2008 The new Match! version 1.7 can use free-of-charge reference patterns calculated from crystal structure data that are available free-of-charge on the internet. More...
Jan 8, 2008 The upcoming Match! version 1.7 will be capable of using free-of-charge reference patterns calculated from crystal structure data that are available free-of-charge on the internet. More...
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